criterion

Il Posto

by James McNally on July 11, 2011

in DVD,Theatrical Release

Il Posto
Il Posto screens on Friday August 5 at 6:30pm at TIFF Bell Lightbox as part of the series Days of Glory: Masterworks of Italian Neorealism. Before the screening, film scholar Frank Burke will present an intro­duc­tion to the Italian Neorealist move­ment. The series runs from July 28-August 28, 2011.

Il Posto (Director: Ermanno Olmi): Sadly, what makes this late gem of the Italian Neorealist move­ment so rel­evant to con­tem­porary audi­ences is the fact that office work has changed so little in the 50 years since it was made. You will nod, smirk and wince in recog­ni­tion at almost every step in young Domenico’s ini­ti­ation into the world of work.

Il Posto DVD

We first meet our prot­ag­onist (played with appro­pri­ately wide-eyed appre­hen­sion by non­pro­fes­sional Sandro Panseri) trying to squeeze in just a few more minutes of sleep before he has to ride the train from his outlying suburb into Milan to take a series of tests for an entry-level clerk’s job at a big com­pany. Money is tight, as evid­enced by the pres­ence of his bed in the kit­chen of the family’s crowded apart­ment. We learn that due to fin­an­cial pres­sures, he’s had to abandon his studies early and his par­ents are eager for him to land a “secure job for life” with this unnamed firm. Although he seems like a bit of a dreamer, he’s an obed­ient son who doesn’t ques­tion this unwanted detour in his life. If any­thing, he seems happy to be able to escape the crushing boredom of home life, and the oppressive influ­ence of his parents.

During the day of tests, he strikes up a friend­ship with the pro­spect of romance with the cher­ubic Antonietta (played by 15-year-old Loradana Detto, who went on to become the director’s wife), who’s applying for a typist’s job. During their lunch break, they window shop and enjoy the small luxury of a cup of coffee, dis­cussing what they’ll be able to do with their paychecks should they be hired.

Il Posto

When he gets the job, Domenico is thrilled at the pro­spect of seeing the lovely Antonietta every day and con­tinuing the court­ship, but as fate would have it, he’s assigned to another building and another lunch shift, and their paths rarely seem to cross. Instead of the cler­ical job he was expecting, he’s assigned to a pos­i­tion as a mes­senger, with the promise that he’ll be reas­signed as soon as a clerk’s job becomes avail­able. As he gets to know the routines of the office and the rituals of working life, the film pulls back to show us brief glimpses into the lives of some of the other employees, including the clerks Domenico is destined to work along­side for the rest of his career. Humane and heart­breaking, these side nar­rat­ives add weight to the story, driving home the point that life for these office drones is else­where. One man, mocked as “Sleepyhead” by the other clerks, is a strug­gling writer, endan­gering his eye­sight by writing deep into the night. Another is a tal­ented tenor who insists on singing arias whenever he’s with friends. We see the fin­an­cial struggles of another clerk, and her prob­lems with her children.

A central scene takes place at a New Year’s party at the employee social club. Domenico has shown up hoping to see Antonietta but finds him­self sit­ting alone. After an older couple invite him to sit with them, he’s gradu­ally caught up into the forced mer­ri­ment whipped up by the hired band, and the impres­sion is of people thrown together, with nothing in common except their place of employ­ment, but trying des­per­ately to make the best of it. If you’ve ever been to a com­pany party, you’ll ache with recog­ni­tion and sympathy.

Il Posto

When a vacancy finally allows Domenico to assume the clerk’s pos­i­tion he thinks he wants, it’s actu­ally a moment of ter­rible sad­ness and resig­na­tion, and it doesn’t take him long to recog­nize the atmo­sphere of des­pair that he’ll be living in for the rest of his working life. It’s a ter­ri­fying moment and the film leaves it hanging in the air like an acrid smell.

Olmi’s film is deeply humane and there are no real vil­lains. At worst, the bosses are indif­ferent. But it’s clear that the work­place crushes the humanity out of its vic­tims. The gleaming modern offices of the 1960s (or the 2010s) are really no dif­ferent than the factories of the pre­vious cen­tury, redu­cing their human workers to func­tion­aries who will struggle to retain their humanity out­side of office hours. This Kafkaesque world of rules and hier­archies has been mined for laughs recently by films like Mike Judge’s Office Space, but Olmi’s depic­tion of a young man being led like a lamb to the slaughter will simply break your heart, even if you might be weeping as much for your­self as for the young inno­cent on the screen.

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The Man Who Fell to Earth
Editor’s Note: I’m gradu­ally fig­uring out that my Snapshots cat­egory is for films which baffle me a little but whose visual or other ele­ments won’t leave me alone. I’d char­ac­terize myself as someone who’s much more com­fort­able talking about plot and char­acter than about, well, any­thing else to do with film. So please indulge me.

The Man Who Fell to Earth (1976, Director: Nicolas Roeg): It really doesn’t sur­prise me a bit that this film baffled the critics upon its release. Perhaps the pres­ence of David Bowie in his first film role led them to believe it would be a musical. Or per­haps they expected a straight-up sci-fi film like some others from that era (Logan’s Run, Rollerball). What they got instead is some­thing like a sci-fi western satire, which of course makes no sense at all. It didn’t help that in the US, twenty minutes of cru­cial footage was excised.

The Man Who Fell to Earth

The Man Who Fell to Earth

Roeg wasn’t at all wor­ried about working with a non-actor like Bowie, having worked with Mick Jagger in Performance a few years earlier. He knew that rock stars like Jagger and Bowie were per­formers, able to inhabit a per­sona just as skil­fully as any actor. And Bowie’s per­form­ance is fine; he’s able to har­ness his phys­ical cha­risma per­fectly playing a cipher onto which the other char­ac­ters pro­ject their own needs.

The film still baffles today, even as it dazzles with some great visuals. The closest I can come to unlocking some its meaning is to say that it’s the story of an alien becoming human. Bowie plays “Thomas Jerome Newton,” a vis­itor from a planet which is dying from drought. His mis­sion is to find water and return with it to his planet. But he quickly becomes cor­rupted by his con­tacts with people and ends up secluded in a huge apart­ment like Howard Hughes. At the begin­ning of the film, his alien intel­li­gence allows him to register some unique pat­ents and form a com­pany that becomes incred­ibly suc­cessful. But his wealth leads those closest to him to betrayal, and the gov­ern­ment, sus­pi­cious of his company’s suc­cess, des­troys his busi­ness, con­fines him and car­ries out med­ical exper­i­ments to see what makes him dif­ferent. There is a mish­mash of ideas at work in the film, but at root it’s the story of an inno­cent cor­rupted by exposure to the venality of human society.

The Man Who Fell to Earth

The Man Who Fell to Earth

His rela­tion­ships are formed with other out­siders, who are drawn to his vul­ner­ab­ility as well as to his intel­li­gence, wealth or influ­ence. Mary Lou (Candy Clark) falls in love with him, and uses him to escape her life as a hotel maid with a booze problem. When he reveals his true self to her in a mem­or­able scene, she is unable to bear it. Nathan Bryce (Rip Torn), a col­lege pro­fessor with a weak­ness for co-eds, devotes his life to sci­entific research for Newton. He’s the only one who really guesses Newton’s secret, and he vows to help him develop the tech­no­logy needed to get him back home. And Oliver Farnsworth (Buck Henry), the man to whom Newton entrusts his com­pany, is a gay man in the 1970s, when dis­crim­in­a­tion would have been much worse than it is now. But each of these trusted con­fid­antes betrays him in one way or another, because of lust, greed, or a desire for power.

The Man Who Fell to Earth

The Man Who Fell to Earth

At the end, he doesn’t even seem to mind so much. “We’d have prob­ably treated you the same if you’d come over to our place,” he tells Bryce when asked if he’s bitter. The angelic being intro­duced at the begin­ning of the film has become as jaded and cyn­ical as the rest of us. The Man Who Fell to Earth is a strange, sad and haunting thing.

Note: The stills are from the standard-def DVD. The Blu-Ray from Criterion looks very nice indeed, and if you have the option, I’d recom­mend the Blu-Ray unreservedly.

The Man Who Fell to Earth
The Man Who Fell to Earth
The Man Who Fell to Earth
The Man Who Fell to Earth
The Man Who Fell to Earth

A few other tid­bits about the film:

  • The last still above, of Brueghel’s painting Landscape with the Fall of Icarus is an important touch­stone, as is W.H. Auden’s poem Musée des Beaux Arts which com­ments on it. Both pieces emphasize that Icarus’ fall was pretty much ignored by the rest of the world. Newton’s plight is sim­il­arly smothered by the world; first by its curi­osity, then by its sus­pi­cion and finally by its indifference.
  • Bowie did record some music for the film but it wasn’t used. It ended up as Side 2 of his album Low (1977)
  • Bowie also used the interior of the space travel set (in the fourth still above) for the cover of his album Station to Station (1976)

Essay by Graham Fuller on the Criterion website

8/10(8/10)

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Black Narcissus

by James McNally on July 18, 2009

in DVD,Snapshots

Black Narcissus
Editor’s Note: I’m intro­du­cing a new cat­egory called Snapshots with this review. These are short takes on older films. Short takes because I’m either too lazy to attempt a full review or else I’m intim­id­ated by the wealth of other crit­ical opinion out there on these films.

Black Narcissus (1947, Directors: Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger): Though Deborah Kerr has top billing, the real star of Black Narcissus is the Technicolor cine­ma­to­graphy of Jack Cardiff, who passed away earlier this year. For a film that came out right after the war, the lush col­ours and exotic locale must have been like a drug to a war-weary world. Kerr plays Sister Clodagh, the leader of a small group of nuns who have been sent to the Himalayas to estab­lish a con­vent school on the site of a former palace that was used to house a pre­vioius owner’s con­cu­bines. The exotic set­ting seems to create ten­sions in the women, pulling them away from their reli­gious devo­tion toward the more sen­sual pleas­ures of the exotic world they’re inhabiting.

The plot is melo­dra­matic, but the images are always strik­ingly com­posed. Surprisingly (or per­haps not so much con­sid­ering England’s post-war aus­terity), the whole thing was shot at Pinewood Studios, with some won­derful set design and matte paint­ings filling in for real moun­tains. Both art dir­ector Alfred Junge and cine­ma­to­grapher Cardiff won Academy Awards for the film.

I will con­fess that I’m baffled at all the ref­er­ences I’ve seen to these nuns as Protestant or “Anglo-Catholic”. Their order is named for the Virgin Mary and although they renew their vows yearly, which is unusual, there was nothing remotely Protestant about their reli­gious prac­tice, nor did I hear any cla­ri­fying ref­er­ence in the dia­logue. Perhaps it is made clear in the novel (by Rumer Godden) upon which the film is based.


Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus
Black Narcissus

Essay by Ronald Haver on the Criterion website

8/10(8/10)

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Bottle Rocket

by James McNally on December 4, 2008

in DVD

Bottle Rocket

Bottle Rocket (Director: Wes Anderson): I’ve seen Wes Anderson’s fea­ture debut three or maybe four times by now, but it’s a film I enjoy more and more with each viewing. My first exposure to Anderson was seeing Rushmore at the 1998 Toronto International Film Festival and it just knocked me out. When I sought out Bottle Rocket a few months later, I was under­whelmed. It was much more subtle than Rushmore, from the char­ac­ter­iz­a­tion to the art dir­ec­tion, but over the years my estim­a­tion of the film has risen con­sid­er­ably. Criterion’s recent release of the film on DVD gave me another oppor­tunity to eval­uate it, and it was great to see all of the Wes Anderson touches there, even at the begin­ning. Critics of Anderson’s work often point out that he hasn’t really changed much as a dir­ector, and that even with bigger budgets and larger canvases with which to work, he still ends up telling the same stories. Even as a huge fan of his work, I’d have to say that there’s a lot of truth in that cri­ti­cism, espe­cially after watching Bottle Rocket again.

The film begins with Anthony (Luke Wilson) being released from a mental hos­pital where he’d been treated for “exhaus­tion.” His friend Dignan (Owen Wilson) has come to “break him out,” not real­izing that the hos­pital is vol­un­tary, and that Anthony can leave any­time he wants. In the first of many examples, Anthony plays along with the ruse to make his friend feel better. Dignan is a hyper­active guy with big plans. Although he was fired from his land­scaping job with local entre­preneur and small­time hood Mr. Henry (James Caan), he’s eager to impress him and get his old job back. He recruits Anthony into his “gang” along with their rich friend Bob (Robert Musgrave), the only one who owns a car. The plan is to pull off a daring heist to impress Mr. Henry, thus gaining them entry into his crim­inal circle (which is fronted by his land­scaping busi­ness, the Lawn Wranglers).

Their metic­u­lously planned rob­bery, of a book­store(!), goes well enough, but their plan calls for them to go “on the lam” so they drive out to the middle of nowhere to hide out in a motel. This middle sec­tion of the film is par­tic­u­larly charming, as Anthony falls com­pletely head over heels for Inez, a Paraguayan house­keeper at the motel, in spite of the fact that she speaks no English and he can’t speak Spanish. Anthony seems so des­perate to make a con­nec­tion out­side of his social class that this should feel creepy, but thanks to Luke Wilson’s win­ning per­form­ance, it actu­ally man­ages to feel romantic. A family situ­ation res­ults in Bob taking off in the middle of the night with his car, leading to one of the film’s most mem­or­able lines, from Dignan: “Bob’s gone. He stole his car!” The now-carless gang (Anthony and Dignan) try to keep their flight from the law going, but it soon turns sour and they end up returning home sep­ar­ately. Weeks go by, until Dignan turns up to invite Anthony (and more reluct­antly, Bob) into a big score with Mr. Henry’s gang.

I won’t say any­more but I was delighted to dis­cover that the film seems just as fresh as it did the first time I saw it, almost ten years ago now. I love Anderson’s by now trade­mark use of single-minded and eccentric prot­ag­on­ists, as well as his tend­ency to por­tray multi-cultural and multi-generational friend­ships. It’s a joy to see the debut of Owen Wilson, playing one of the more mem­or­able char­ac­ters in recent American cinema, and to see him acting with both of his brothers (older brother Andrew plays Bob’s bul­lying older brother, whom they oddly call “Future Man”.) The film has that feeling of being made by a small group of friends, or in this case, a family.

The only thing I was left won­dering was what happened to Robert Musgrave, whose per­form­ance as Bob was excel­lent. In the “making of” included on the DVD, he appears wistful as he revisits some of the loc­a­tions, some now torn down. I wonder if he ever feels like he was the only one left behind as the other players went on to for­tune and fame, while his career has con­sisted of playing bit parts. Speaking of the “making of”, it was filmed in Spring 2008 and Luke Wilson doesn’t look good at all. Overweight and tired-looking, he really doesn’t come across as the man whom pro­ducer James L. Brooks insisted had to “deliver the romance.” I sin­cerely hope he’s okay.

Other treas­ures on this 2-disc set I’ve yet to explore include a com­mentary track with Wes Anderson and Owen Wilson, who wrote the film together, and the ori­ginal 13-minute black and white short, made in 1992, on which the fea­ture was based.

Note: This film always reminds me of another indie film that came out around the same time about a group of hap­less wan­nabe crooks. Palookaville (1995), dir­ected by Alan Taylor, and star­ring Vincent Gallo, William Forsythe and Adam Trese was another enjoy­able and eccentric film about a gang of lov­able losers who really weren’t cut out for the crim­inal life­style. I always wonder about the timing of these two films, and why dir­ector Alan Taylor never went on to any measure of cine­matic suc­cess (though he has had a lot of suc­cess as a tele­vi­sion dir­ector, win­ning an Emmy and working on acclaimed shows such as Mad Men, Lost, The Sopranos and Sex and the City). It’s a good little film and is under­ap­pre­ci­ated, I think. Try Bottle Rocket and Palookaville as a double fea­ture sometime.

Buy Bottle Rocket from Amazon.com

9/10(9/10)

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The Fallen Idol

by Jay Kerr on April 19, 2007

in DVD

The Fallen Idol

The Fallen Idol (Director: Carol Reed, UK, 1948): The Fallen Idol was released a few months ago by The Criterion Collection. Having never seen the film, I pur­chased a copy from CriterionDVD.com.

The Fallen Idol was dir­ected by Carol Reed and written by Graham Greene — the same team that cre­ated one of my favourite films, The Third Man (1949).

In The Fallen Idol, Baines the butler (Ralph Richardson) is sus­pected of killing his wife. The only wit­ness to her death is a little boy named Phillipe (Bobby Henrey) with an active imagination.

The film is a good thriller that leaves you guessing right up until the end when everything gets resolved. Innocence, faith and betrayal are a few of the themes that are examined in this sus­penseful drama.

Richardson is per­fectly cast as “the fallen idol” and the per­form­ance by Phillipe is incred­ible con­sid­ering he was an untrained actor and dealing with attention-deficit hyper­activity dis­order (ADHD). A doc­u­mentary on the DVD explains how Reed patiently worked with the child actor to keep him focused and deliver his lines. The res­ulting per­form­ance is brilliant.

There is a night scene where young Phillipe is run­ning through the streets of London that will remind you of Orson Welles run­ning through the streets of Vienna in The Third Man. Rent (or buy) this film if you enjoyed The Third Man.

The audio and video quality of this new, restored ver­sion of the film is what you’d expect from The Criterion Collection. Excellent!

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